I think the best way to implement this would be to be able to designate Turret Blocks as Armed/Unarmed/Defensive and have the ability to autoequip by loading the highest-DPS turrets that will fit on the block (which controls for the # of slots limits of each) Unarmed blocks could then be subdivided into salvage vs mining. This would allow me to use up the miscellaneous guns I have rather than having to construct exactly identical turrets for every ship.
It would also allow early/midgame players to easily upgrade as they pick up new turrets, by just swapping to the highest DPS stuff, until they get to a point where they want to specialize on specific weapons.